Light emitting diode light source for curing dental composites

ABSTRACT

Light Emitting Diode Light Sources for Dental Curing are disclosed. Some embodiments of the invention include structures such as Light Emitting Diode Array(s), heat sink, heat dissipation, heat pipe, and control circuitry are disclosed.

Priority is hereby claimed to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser.No. 60/187,899.

I. BACKGROUND OR THE INVENTION

This invention relates to the use of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) as alight source for curing dental composite materials.

II. THE BACKGROUND ART

Light Emitting Diodes produce a narrow bandwidth of light outputwavelengths. Because dental composite materials require specific andnarrow bandwidths of light to polymerize correctly attempts have beenmade to utilize Light Emitting Diodes in dental curing lights.Furthermore, Light Emitting Diodes produce no infrared energy and,thereby, produce no heat that can be radiated to the patient.Unfortunately, current Light Emitting Diodes, that produce the bluewavelengths requisite to cure dental composites, have a low power output(on the order of 5 milliwatts total blue light output). Furthermore, itis only possible, with current technology, to deliver about 30-40% ofthe light produced to the dental material. A threshold of about 100milliwatts is necessary to begin the curing process on most dentalcomposites. Therefore, a number of diodes must be used to achieve outputpowers that will cure the dental composites. Further complicating thetechnology is the low overall efficiency of the Light Emitting Diodes;they are about 6% efficient. Meaning that in order to receive 5milliwatts in optical energy one must expend 80 milliwatts of electricalenergy. The difference in energy in versus optical energy out isdissipated in the form of heat. For every 5 milliwatts of optical energyproduced a curing device must dissipate 75 milliwatts worth of heatgenerated within the Light Emitting Diode.

LumaLite, Inc. of Spring Valley Calif. has invented a Light EmittingDiode curing light, brand named the LumaCure. This light is comprised of7 Light Emitting Diodes which produce, in ideal circumstances, 35milliwatts of optical curing energy which is insufficient to hit thethreshold of 100 milliwatts and as a result does not cure dentalcomposites. Dental/Medical Diagnostic Systems, Inc. of Wookland Hills,Calif. has invented a Light Emitting Diode curing light that containsover 60 Light Emitting Diodes, however, the device is incapable ofdissipating the 4500 milliwatts of thermal energy produced for more thana few seconds, therefore, the device has been found in dentistry to beof little clinical value. Inventor John Kennedy has invented severaldesigns (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,420,768,/5,420,768/5,233,283) of LightEmitting Diode dental curing lights. None of the designs adequatelymanage the heat produced by the Light Emitting Diodes and, subsequently,no working models have been introduced to commerce. Inventor J. MartinOsterwalder has invented a Light Emitting Diode dental curing light(U.S. Pat. No. 6,102,696) which contains insufficient numbers of LightEmitting Diodes to hit the dental composite curing threshold and has noprovision for dissipating the heat produced by the Light EmittingDiodes, subsequently, no working models have been introduced to commerceutilizing the design.

III. OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the invention to provide a Light Emitting Diode (LED)light source for the curing of dental composite materials that hassufficient power to cure the material and adequate heat managementstructures to avoid heat damage to the curing light itself and thepatient.

Additional objects, features and advantages of the invention will becomeapparent to persons of ordinary skill in the art upon reading thespecification in light of the attached drawings.

IV. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 100 depicts the side view and top view, on a single Light EmittingDiode.

FIG. 200 depicts the side view and top view of a Light Emitting Diodeplaced in a reflective cup.

FIG. 300 depicts ideally light being emitted from the Light EmittingDiode and then being reflected by the reflective angled surfaces of areflective cup.

FIG. 400 depicts realistic light emission from a Light Emitting Diode.

FIG. 500 depicts light being generated by a Light Emitting Diode andbeing reflected by a curved surface reflective cup.

FIG. 600 depicts light being generated by a Light Emitting Diode andbeing reflected to a specific focal point from a curved surfacereflective cup.

FIG. 700 depicts an array of 144 Light Emitting Diodes placed in 144separate reflective cups.

FIG. 800 depicts a side view of FIG. 700 depicting curved reflectivesurfaces of the individual cups.

FIG. 625 depicts a Light Emitting Diode array set in a square cup withan angled reflective surface at the top of the cup. Additionalfocusing/columniation provided by an array of lenses. Electricalconnections of the Light Emitting Diodes is also depicted.

FIG. 650 depicts a Light Emitting Diode array placed in curved cups withfurther focusing/columniation provided by an array of lenses. Electricalconnection of the Light Emitting Diodes is also depicted.

FIG. 675 depicts a Light Emitting Diode array placed in ellipticalcurved cups with further focusing/columniation provided by an array oflenses. Electrical connection of the Light Emitting Diodes is alsodepicted.

FIG. 900 depicts an array of 4 Light Emitting Diodes being placed in asingle cup with angled reflective walls.

FIG. 1000 depicts an array of 12 cups (angled or curved wall) with 4Light Emitting Diodes in each cup. Further depicted is the electricalisolation of the cup arrays; they are electrically isolated in groups of4 cups.

FIG. 1100 depicts an array of Light Emitting Diodes placed in anglewalled cups which are arranged in a curved shape.

FIG. 1105 depicts an array of Light Emitting Diodes placed in angledreflective walled or curved reflective walled trenches.

FIG. 1110 depicts an array of Light Emitting Diodes that are placed incups as well as trenches.

FIG. 1115 depicts a large array of Light Emitting Diodes that are placedin cups (singularly or in groups) which are electrically isolated fromeach other in quarters.

FIG. 1120 depicts a less dense array of Light Emitting Diodes, in cupsand electrically isolated from each other in quarters.

FIG. 1130 depicts an array of Light Emitting Diodes comprised of 2separate types of Light Emitting Diodes which are placed in angle orcurved reflective wall trenches. Electrical isolation of the twodifferent types of diodes as well as their electrical connection is alsodepicted.

FIG. 1150 depicts a closely compacted Light Emitting Diode array placedin individual angled or curved reflective wall cups. Quarteredelectrical isolation is also depicted.

FIG. 1155 depicts a less tightly compacted array of Light EmittingDiodes placed in single angled or curved reflective wall cups. Quarteredelectrical isolation is also depicted.

FIG. 1160 depicts a Light Emitting Diode array placed in angled orcurved reflective wall trenches. Halved electrical isolation is alsodepicted.

FIG. 1165 depicts a tightly compacted array of Light Emitting Diodesplaced in single angled or curved reflective wall cups with noelectrical isolation.

FIG. 1200 depicts an array of Light Emitting Diodes in reflective walledcups with an array of focusing/columniation lenses depicted.

FIG. 1300 depicts an array of Light Emitting Diodes in reflective walledcups with a single lens providing addition focusing/columniation.

FIG. 1400 depicts an array of focusing/columniation lenses placed over asingle reflective wall cup.

FIG. 1500 depicts an array of large focusing/columniation lenses placedover an array of Light Emitting Diodes placed in reflective walled cups.

FIG. 1600 depicts an array of Light Emitting Diodes placed in singlereflective wall cups sealed with a single optical,non-focusing/collimating window.

FIG. 1700 depicts an assembly of a Light Emitting Diode array, a heattransfer device (heat pipe) and a heat dissipating device (heat sink).

FIG. 1750 depicts an assembly with electrical connections where the heattransfer/heat sink assembly is also an integral electrical connection(anode).

FIG. 1800 depicts water cooling assembly for the Light Emitting Diodearray.

FIG. 1850 depicts an assembly which first transfers the heat by way ofheat pipe and then removes the heat by way of circulation water.

FIG. 1900 depicts a machinist drawing for constructing a Light EmittingDiode array for a Light Emitting Diode dental curing light source.

FIG. 1910 depicts a machinist drawing for constructing a Light EmittingDiode array for a Light Emitting Diode dental curing light source.

FIG. 1920 depicts a machinist drawing for constructing a Light EmittingDiode array for a Light Emitting Diode dental curing light source.

FIG. 1930 depicts a machinist drawing for constructing a Light EmittingDiode array for a Light Emitting Diode dental curing light source.

FIG. 1940 depicts a machinist drawing for constructing a Light EmittingDiode array for a Light Emitting Diode dental curing light source.

FIG. 2000 depicts a machinist drawing for constructing the heat sink(air) for a Light Emitting Diode dental curing light source.

FIG. 2010 depicts a machinist drawing for constructing the heat sink(air) for a Light Emitting Diode dental curing light source.

FIG. 2020 depicts a machinist drawing for constructing the heat sink(air) for a Light Emitting Diode dental curing light source.

FIG. 2030 depicts a machinist drawing for constructing the heat sink(air) for a Light Emitting Diode dental curing light source.

FIG. 2100 depicts and assembly drawing to assemble a Light EmittingDiode dental curing light source.

FIG. 2110 depicts an assembly drawing to assemble a Light Emitting Diodedental curing light source.

FIG. 2200 depicts an electrical schematic to construct a circuit whichwould modulate the Light Emitting Diode array of a Light Emitting Diodedental curing light source.

FIG. 2300 depicts an electrical schematic to construct a circuit whichwould drive the Light Emitting Diode array of a Light Emitting Diodedental curing light source.

FIG. 2400 depicts an electrical schematic to construct a circuit whichwould charge the batteries of and allow AC (plugged into the wall)operation of a Light Emitting Diode array of a Light Emitting Diodedental curing light source.

FIG. 2500 depicts an electrical schematic to construct the AC powersupply for a Light Emitting Diode array for a Light Emitting Diodedental curing light source.

FIG. 2600 depicts an assembly drawing for the cooling layout of a LightEmitting Diode dental curing light source where the cooling isaccomplished by water circulation or phase change heat effussionmaterial.

FIG. 2700 depicts an assembly drawing for a Light Emitting Diode dentalcuring light source.

FIG. 2800 depicts and assembly drawing for a Light Emitting Diode dentalcuring light source.

FIG. 2900 depicts an assembly drawing for a Light Emitting Diode lightsource.

FIG. 3000 depicts an assembly drawing for a Light Emitting Diode lightsource.

V. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SOME EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The invention first takes the LED as an electronic component without anylenses or wires attached, FIG. 100. The LED is essentially a cube withdimensions on the order of 0.250 millimeters, FIG. 100. On the topsurface is an Anode (101). The bottom surface is metallized and servesas the Cathode and the heat transfer point/medium (102). The LED alsocontains a layer of semiconductor that is doped with specific materialsin specific concentrations to produce the desired wavelength of light(103). Finally, the LED contains a layer of semiconductor substrate(104). When electrical current is passed between the cathode (102) andthe anode (101), photons of a particular wavelength (depending on thecomposition of the materials) are emitted from the doped semiconductorlayer (103).

Secondly the invention places the LED or LED array on one side of a flatsubstrate in all configurations of the invention the substrate is bothelectrically and thermally conductive. This provides the invention withtwo unique and superior feature; the heat is immediately removed fromthe LED and the heat removing/transporting substrate becomes integralwith the anode of the LED hence serving as a heat removal device andelectrical connection. It is also useful to the invention to place theindividual LED into a reflective ‘cup’ which reflects theomnidirectional emitted photons into a single direction, FIG. 200. Inthe simplest of the invention's cup designs (200) the walls of the cup(201) are manufactured such that they are on a 45 degree angle. FIG.300, for this design the photons are emitted, theoretically andidealistically, out of the top of the LED and in a horizontal plane(301) from the side of the semiconductor layers (302), the 45 degreeside wall (303) would, theoretically and idealistically, reflect theemitted photon and redirect it in one direction 90 degrees from itsorigin (304). However, in practice, FIG. 400, LEDs emit photons (401) inall directions. The invention improves the efficiency of reflection byproviding additional cup designs such as a cups containing hemispheric,elliptical or parabolic curve. FIG. 500, the elliptical cup (501),because of its curved surfaces reflects omnidirectional photons (502)into one directional photons (503). Furthermore, FIG. 600, by adjustingthe altitude of the LED within the ellipse (601) the invention allowsfor the omnidirectional photons (602) to be reflected to a specific,predetermine, focal point in space (603). The engineer utilizes the wellknown optical equation 2/Radius=1/Focal Point+1/Optical Source to designhemispherical shaped cups and the well know optical equation X²=4PY todesign Parabolic and Elliptical shaped cups. By engineering specific cupshapes and engineering specific placement of the LED within the cup, theinvention allows the majority of photons produced by the LED to beplaced at a specific point in space where they are needed. Additionalcup designs that are useful to the invention (with or without the lensesillustrated) are illustrated in FIGS. 625, 650, and 675. The specificexamples of cup design listed above are not intended to be restrictiveto the invention in any way, for instance, a pyramidal (upside down)design as been suggested. The descriptions are simply given toillustrate the potential of specific cup designs. The actual design ofthe cups would be varied and specific to the application.

Thirdly the invention assembles many LEDs into arrays in order toachieve higher optical output powers than are achieved with a singleLED. FIG. 800, the invention provides for single LEDs placed in a manycup array. However, the invention is not restricted to thisconfiguration. FIG. 900, in the invention the array can be accomplishedby placing a number of LEDs within the same cup. Furthermore, theinvention also utilized an array of LEDs in each cup coupled with andarray of cups, FIG. 1000. In FIG. 1000 there are 4 single LEDs per cupand an array of 16 cups in a circular pattern. The invention is notlimited to circular pattern arrays (1000) and square pattern arrays(800), indeed, the pattern of the array is only limited to the potentialapplication. Furthermore, the description of single LEDs in a cup (800)or an array of 4 LEDs in a cup (900) is not meant to restrict theinvention to these two descriptions, again, the number of LEDs arrayedper cup is only limited by the application to which it is intended. Itis also useful to the invention to manufacture various shapes into whichthe cups are machined or stamped, FIG. 1100. In this configuration(1100) the invention takes advantage of the light reflecting design ofthe cup and further enhance these properties by positioning the cupsthemselves in a dish shaped plate. This illustration is not meant torestrict the usefulness of the invention to a flat shaped array of cups(800) and a dish shaped array of cups (1100), on the contrary, it ismeant to illustrate the complexity that can be incorporated by theinvention in order to suite the particular needs of an application.FIGS. 1125 and 1150 illustrate additional arrays and ‘cup’configurations that are useful to the; invention. FIG. 1125 illustratesarray configuration in which many LEDs can be placed in arrays that areapproximately ½ inch in diameter. 1126, 1127, and 1128 are illustrationsof cup designs that are in a ‘trench’ format, where the sides of thetrench are designed in an angled or curved shape. FIG. 1150 illustratesarray configurations win which many LEDs can be placed in arrays thatare approximately 1.5 inches in diameter. 1151 utilizes the trenchrather than individual cup design. Again these examples are not meant tobe restrictive. They are meant to illustrate some of the many potentialarray/cup designs that are useful to the invention.

Fourthly, the invention makes use of single lenses, including but notlimited to Graded Index of Refraction (GRIN) lenses, lens arrays,including but not limited to Graded Index of Refraction (GRIN) lensesand holographic films, including but not limited to Graded Index ofRefraction (GRIN) lenses in order to further process the light anddeliver it, in its most useful quantities and qualities, to the specificapplications. FIGS. 625, 650, 675, and 1200, the invention provides forthe use of miniature lenses or holographic films (1201) placed directlyover the individual cups (1202) forming an array of lenses orholographic films. FIG. 1300, the invention also allows for the use of asingle lens or holographic film (1301) to be placed over the entirearray of cups (1302). FIG. 1400, it is also useful to the invention toprovide an array of lenses or holographic films (1401). The array oflenses or holographic films could contain many lenses, many films or acombination of lenses and films. Furthermore, it is useful to theinvention to place these arrays over a single cup as illustrated in FIG.1400 but it is also useful to the invention, FIG. 1500, to place a placean array of lenses (1501) and/or holographic film(s) over an array ofcups (1502). Whether or not lenses or holographic films or arrays oflenses and/or holographic film(s) are used, it is useful to theinvention to seal the LEDs, singularly or in an array, to protect themfrom environmental conditions that are adverse to their operation. FIG.1600, an appropriate sized piece of anti-reflective (AR) coated opticalglass (1601) is placed over the array (1602) and secured withultraviolet light cured optical adhesive (1603) thus protecting the LEDsfrom adverse environmental conditions. The discussion and exampleslisted by way of lenses, holographic films and sealing windows (opticalglass) are not intended to restrict the invention to the describedscenarios but is rather to illustrate some of the many potentialconfigurations that are useful to the invention. For instances, it hasbeen suggested that micro ball lenses could be used for particularapplications. The configuration of lenses, holographic films and sealingoptics are only limited to the dictation's of the particularapplication.

Fifthly, the invention facilitates the removal thermal energy fromsingle LEDs in a flat mounted configuration or in a single cup or fromarrays of cups with single LEDs or from arrays of cups that individuallycontain arrays of LEDs while it maintains electrical insulation andconductivity where appropriate. Cup is defined in the context of thispatent as a “shaped hole” in which a single LED or a number of LEDs canbe placed. The word cup, as used in this invention, refers to anyconfiguration that could accept an LED or LEDs. FIGS. 1120 and 1115illustrate cups that are circular while FIGS. 1105,1110 and 1130illustrate cups that are formed in a ‘trench’ configuration. There is noshape constraints to the definition of cup in this invention, however,all cup designs have angled, curved, square or combinations of angled,curved or square walls designed to gather and reflect the photonsproduced by the LED toward the surface where the photons are needed.FIG. 1700, the cup housing may be manufactured from a thermally andelectrically conductive material (substrate) such as copper and isplated with optically reflective, thermally conductive and electricallyconductive material such as first nickel and then rhodium, or silver(1701). The LED(s) then may be secured to the bottom of the cup(s) usinga thermally and electrically conductive adhesive such as silver filledepoxy (1702). The separate sections of LED/cups (1703) are then bondedto a plate made of heat conducting material (substrate) such as aluminumor copper (1710) with a space between the cup sections (1704) to provideelectrical isolation. They are bonded to the plate using a thermallyconductive but electrically insulating adhesive such as Thermal Epoxy,Electrically Insulating (1705). The LED(s) are then electricallyconnected by soldiering or conductively bonding the gold wires to thecontacts (1706) and connecting them in series to the next electricallyisolated cup(s) (1707). A gold wire is then soldiered or bonded to thecontact of the last LED(s) (1708) in the series and is taken out toconnect to the positive side of the direct current power source (1709).A gold wire is then soldiered or bonded to the cup material of the firstLED(s) (1711) in the series and directed toward the negative side of thedirect current power source (1712). Optical adhesive such asUltra-Violet Activated Optical Adhesive is placed around the tops of thecups (1713), the gold wire leaving the last in the series of LED(s) isthen embedded in the optical adhesive (1714) to provide electricalinsulation. The optical window (or lenses, holographic films or arraysof lenses and/or holographic films and/or optical windows) (1715) isthen position and set into the optical adhesive (1713) and the opticaladhesive is cured with an ultra-violet light source. This assembly isthen soldiered or bonded (using a thermally conductive adhesive) (1716)to a heat pipe (1717). The heat pipe is then soldiered or bonded to aheat sink (1718) manufactured from a thermally conductive materialdesigned to dissipate heat in to a heat dissipation environment such asaluminum or copper. The heat dissipation environment is an environmentthat conducts the heat away from the heat sink such as air, water, phasechange heat effusion material or a combination of air, water, and phasechange heat effusion material. The heat sink is then secured to achamber (1719) which houses either the direct current power supply,batteries to supply direct current or facilitates connection to anoutside direct current power supply. This chamber is then connected to afan (to move air, water and or phase change heat effusion material(1720) if additional cooling is requisite for the application. Thisdiscussion of configuration is not restrictive to the invention. Indeed,the usefulness of the invention for an application, in large part, isdue to the inventions ability to be easily configured for specificapplications. For instance it has been suggested that rather than havingan electrically conductive plating placed on the cup material (1703)that an optically reflective plastic coating be used instead. In thisconfiguration an electrically conductive substrate would be placed atthe bottom of the cup (1702) between the cup and the LED(s), both beingsecured with electrically conductive epoxy. Another solution would be tomask the bottom of the cup before plastic coating then remove the maskand epoxy the LED in place as described earlier.

The LED(s) need not be wired completely in series. That is to say thatyou could build a pie shaped (square or round) device that has arrays ofLEDs and cups in sections of the pie, FIG. 1000 illustrates such ascenario or configuration. In FIG. 1000 there are 4 sections whichcontain 4 cups each. Each cup contains 4 LEDs. In such a case thenegative side of a direct current power source would be attached to oneof the sections of cup material. The electrical connectors of each ofthe sixteen LEDs in this first section would have gold wires soldieredto them and each of these wire would then be soldiered to the next, orsecond, section of the cup material. The electrical connectors of eachof the sixteen LEDs in this second section would have gold wiressoldiered to them and each of these wires would then be soldiered to thenext (third) section of the cup material. The electrical connectors ofeach of the sixteen LEDs in the third section would have gold wiressoldiered to them and each of these wire would then be soldiered to thenext (forth) section of the cup material. The electrical connectors ofeach of the sixteen LEDs in the forth section would have gold wiressoldiered to them and each of these wire would then be directed to thepositive side of the direct current power source. In effect and actuallythis would produce a series circuit which contains 4 series of 16 LEDswired in parallel.

The substrate used to manufacture the cups (1703) may be made of thesame material used to manufacture the substrate for heat removal (1710)making it an integral one piece assembly, refer to FIGS. 1910, 1920,1930 and 1940. In this configuration the substrate is an integral heatsink. Electrical isolation is accomplished by bonding a copperconductive sheet using non-conductive epoxy to the top surface of thesubstrate and wire bonding the LEDs' cathodes to the copper conductivesheet, refer to FIG. 1930. In this electrical configuration thesubstrate conducts heat away from the LEDs while conducting electricalcurrent to the anode, electrical current is supplied to the cathode byway of a sheet of copper that has been secured with non-conductive epoxyto the top of the substrate. Furthermore, the design of FIG. 1130incorporates two electrical circuits (1133,1135) which are electricallyisolated by machined paths (1134, 1131). This allows two separate typesof LEDs (for instance 430 nanometer and 450 nanometer) to beincorporated into the same curing device. This design is incorporatedinto the proto-type that was constructed and tested and is the subjectof the example below.

Another configuration useful to the invention would eliminate the heatpipe and provide a heat dissipation environment directly in thesubstrate. Refer to FIG. 1800. 1801 is a heat dissipation environmentchamber which allows the heat dissipation environment material (air,water, phase change heat effusion material, or combination thereof) tosimple absorb the heat while being stored in the chamber or may becirculated through the chamber between port (1802, 1803). As is theconfiguration discussed above the substrates in this configuration canbe separated as depicted or may be integral, made of the same materialwith no separation, providing heat removal, heat dissipation andintegral anodic electrical connection. Yet another useful configurationwould be to add the heat pipe, refer to FIG. 1850, to move the ‘bulky’heat dissipation environment chamber away from the slender, lightweight, array assembly. In this configuration heat is immediatelytransferred from the LEDs through the substrate (1851) (either separatedor integral as discussed above), through the heat pipe (1852) and intothe heat dissipation environment chamber (1853). The heat dissipationenvironment chamber (1853) which allows the heat dissipation environmentmaterial (air, water, phase change heat effusion material, orcombination thereof) to simply absorb the heat while being stored in thechamber or may be circulated through the chamber between port(1854,1855).

Another configuration would separate the cathode from the anode near thetop or anode end of the LEDs. FIGS. 625, 650, and 675 Illustrate such aconfiguration. Where 626, 651, and 676 represent an thin film ofelectrically insulating material, 627, 652, and 677 represent a layer ofelectrically conductive material such as copper, or copper plated withgold, 628, 653, and 678 represent the wire that would attach the LEDs'anode to the electrically conductive layer. The cathode (629, 654, and679) is then bonded directly to the heat sink material/configuration(630, 655, and 680) utilizing heat and electrically conductive adhesiveproducing a unique integral anode heat sink configuration. The circuitsare then separated, where necessary, on the top electrically conductivelayer (627, 652, and 677). FIG. 1128 illustrates ‘trenches’ (1131 and1134) cut through the electrically conductive layer (627,652, and 677)into the electrically insulating material (626, 651, and 676). Thisconfiguration (1130) effectively produces two, electrically separatedcircuits (1133 and 1135). This configuration allows to wireapproximately ½ of the LEDs in parallel with each other and the otherhalf of the LEDs in parallel with each other and then wire the halves inseries, enabling the designer to manage voltage and current. It alsoallows the designer to operate two different types of LEDs that havedifferent wavelength output and would require different currents andvoltages to drive them optimally.

In some embodiments of the invention it is desired to modulate the lightoutput in order to obtain prescribed post cure physical properties fromthe composite. For more information on how this accomplished see U.S.Pat. No. 6,008,264 which is hereby incorporated by reference.

EXAMPLE A Light Emitting Diode Dental Curing Light Source

Obtain a ½ inch diameter by approximately 2 inches in length bar ofalloy 110 copper from a source such as MSC Industrial Supply Co.,Melville, N.Y. Obtain a piece of copper clad G10 PCB stock from a sourcesuch as Precision Technology, Salt Lake City, Utah. Cut a piece of thecopper clad G10 approximately ¾ of an inch in diameter. Soldier the cutpiece of G10 to the end of alloy 110 copper bar stock. Have a machineshop such as Axis Machine, Salt Lake City, Utah machine the assemblyaccording to the specifications in FIGS. 1900,1910,1920,1930,1940. Takethe machined assembly to a metal plating company such as Quality PlatingCompany, Salt Lake City, Utah and have the electrically plate the topconductive surface with gold according to mil spec G45204C. Further havethem plate the reflective trenches with silver according to mil specQQS365. Obtain 84-450 nanometer LEDs from Cree, Durham, N.C., PartNumber: C450CB290E1000, 65-430 nanometer LEDs from Cree, Durham, N.C.,Part Number: C430CB290E1200. Send the LEDs, FIG. 1910 and FIG. 1130 withinstruction to set and wire bond the 430 nanometer LEDs to 1132 and the450 nanometer LEDs to 1131 using DM6030HK-SD/H569 Silver Filled EpoxyPaste (Diemat, Inc., Topsfield, Mass.) to a company like LDX Optronix,Maryville, Tenn. Have a machine shop such as Axis Machine, Salt LakeCity, Utah construct a heat sink according to the specifications inFIGS. 2000, 2010, 2020, 2030. Obtain a ⅜ inch diameter by 6 inch lengthof heat pipe from a company such as Thermacore International Inc.,Lancaser, Pa. (Part Number HP-1 0.375×6.0). Attach the heat pipe to theheat sink as illustrated in FIGS. 2100 and 2110 using DM6030HK-SD/H569Silver Filled Epoxy Paste (Diemat, Inc., Topsfield, Mass.). Attach theLED array assembly completed by LDX Optronix to the other end of theheat pipe as illustrated in FIGS. 2100 and 2110. Have a machine shopsuch as Axis Machine construct a housing out of a plastic material inaccordance with the illustration in FIGS. 2100 and 2110. Have a companysuch a KWM Electronics Corp., West Jordan, Utah manufacture 4 printedcircuit according to the schematic specification in FIGS. 2200, 2300,2400 and 2500. Install the circuits created from FIGS. 2200 and 2300into the handle (2101 and 2102 respectively) as illustrated in FIG.2100. Further install the circuit created from FIG. 2400 into thebattery compartment (2103) as illustrated in FIG. 2100. The finalcircuit is mounted in a small kit box available from any Radio Shack,Nationwide. At household 120 volt AC input cord is installed and anoutput cord with the corresponding jack on the circuit produced by FIG.2400 is also installed such that the output cord from the External PowerSupply Assembly will plug into the circuit created by FIG. 2400 which isinstalled in the battery compartment. This enables the batteries to berecharged or the light to be operated off of household 120 volt AC whilethe batteries are being recharged. Obtain 8-AA Nickle Metal Hydridebatteries from a company such as DigiKey, Theif River Falls, Minn. andinstall them in the battery compartment according to the illustration inFIG. 2100. Obtain a small 12 volt DC fan from a company such as DigiKey,Theif River Falls, Minn. and install the fan in the heat dissipationenvironment chamber (2105) as illustrated in FIG. 2100. The device doesnot necessarily have to have a fan. It could be run with natural airconvection providing the cooling, water or a phase change heat effusionmaterial such as sodium Sulfate Decahydrate, Aldrich Chemical Co.,Milwaukee, Wis. In such a configuration the solid Sodium SulfateDecahydrate would absorb the heat from the heat pipe and/or heat sink.As it absorbs the heat it converts from a solid to a liquid (phasechange) storing the heat. The heat could then be removed by convectionor by way of a mechanical linkage, possibly in a ‘recharge station’which would convert the sodium Sulfate Decahydrate to a solid formagain. Using any number of phase change hear effusion materials is veryuseful to the invention in that it eliminates the need for a fan whichplaces additional current demand on the batteries and circuitry, it alsoadds the noise of the fan to the environment where the light is used. Ina configuration where water provides the heat dissipation environment,water could even be stored in the chamber (2115) and re-circulatedthrough the heat sink compartment, making the heat sink compartment andchamber 2115 the entire heat dissipation environment. Of course thewater could be simply be pumped through the environment and discardedthrough an input and output port constructed in the chamber as well.

ADDITIONAL CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES

The basic concepts, designs, and circuitry of this example are notstrictly limited to the design of placing the LED array in the immediatevicinity of the tooth. For instance it could be configured such that theLED array is placed in the main housing and the light is delivered byfiber optic or light guide as illustrated in FIG. 2600. The LED array(2602) is mounted to the end of a heat pipe (2606) which is thenattached to a heat sink (2605), the heat sink being integrated also asthe anode for the LEDs as described earlier. The Led Array (2602)produces light which passes through a lens, lens array or halographicfilm as discussed earlier. The light then passes into the light deliverydevice (2604) which could be a rigid light guide as portrayed in FIG.2600 or could be a single fiber or a bundle of fibers. The fancompartment (2601) could be filled with water, a phase change heateffusion material as illustrated in FIG. 2600 and discussed earlier orit could contain a fan for cooling.

The basic concepts, designs, and circuitry of this example are certainlynot limited to a certain configuration in housing design. FIG. 2700illustrates another potential ‘pistol’ type design which incorporatesthe LED array close to the working surface while FIG. 2800 illustratesanother potential ‘pistol’ type design which incorporates the LED arraywithin the housing utilizing a light delivery device to get the light tothe work surface.

The basic concepts, designs, and circuitry of this example are certainlynot limited to an LED array of a certain size and for use in dentistryonly. FIG. 2900 illustrates a ‘pistol’ type device that contains an LEDarray (2901) approximately 3 times the diameter of the example, whichwould contain approximately 5 times as many LEDs in the array. The LEDarray uses an integral anode/heat sink configuration where the heat sink(2903) may or may not include a heat pipe (2902). It contains a coolingcompartment (2904) which could house a fan, nothing at all, water, or aphase change heat effusion material or a combination thereof. The heatdissipation environment could be stagnant or circulating. It contains aspace for circuitry (1905) and for batteries (2906) and could beoperated by the electronic presented in schematic detail earlier. Adevice such as the one illustrated in 2900 could designed for use as adental curing light, dental bleach activator, forensic light source toname but a few.

The basic concepts, designs, and circuitry of this example need not belimited to ‘pistol’ type designs. FIG. 3000 illustrates the ability ofthe concepts to be incorporated in a ‘flashlight’ design which containsall of the basic elements of the invention: an LED array (3001), with orwithout a lens, lens array, halographic film, light delivery device orcombination thereof, a heat sink (3003) which could or could not also bethe anode, the heat sink may or may not incorporate a heat pipe (3003),the housing includes a space for electronic (3005), batteries (3005),and a cooling compartment (3007).

None of the overall designs necessarily have to have a batterycompartment. The invention could be run completely on AC power.

The foregoing description and drawings are illustrative of preferredembodiments of the invention and are not intended to be limiting of theinvention's scope. The scope of the invention is defined by the appendedclaims, which should be interpreted to cover that which is disclosedherein and equivalents thereof.

1-149. (canceled)
 150. A light emitting diode lighting devicecomprising: a) a substrate composed of a material capable of efficientlyconducting heat, said substrate having a top and a bottom; b) one ormore light emitting diodes, said one or more light emitting diodes beingcapable of emitting light when supplied with adequate electricalcurrent, said one or more light emitting diodes being firmly mounted onsaid substrate, said one or more light emitting diodes being in thermalcommunication with said substrate so that heat produced by said one ormore light emitting diodes is conducted away from said one or more lightemitting diodes through the substrate; c) electrical wiring configuredto provide electrical current to said one or more light emitting diodesin order to provide power thereto and cause the one or more lightemitting diodes to emit light; d) a heat pipe capable of efficientlyconducting heat from one location to another, said heat pipe having afirst end and a second end, the first end of the heat pipe being firmlymounted against the bottom of said substrate in order to transfer heatfrom said substrate to the second end of the heat pipe; and e) controlcircuitry capable of controlling electrical current transmission to saidone or more light emitting diodes in order to control light productionby said one or more light emitting diodes.
 151. The device as recited inclaim 150, wherein said substrate is capable of efficiently conductingelectrical current.
 152. The device as recited in claim 150 wherein saidsubstrate is constructed, in part, from one or more materials selectedfrom the group comprising diamond, metal, copper, aluminum, gold, silverand iron.
 153. The device as recited in claim 150 wherein said heat pipeis in thermal communication with a heat dissipation environment. 154.The device as recited in claim 153 wherein said heat dissipationenvironment is selected from the group comprising air, water and a phasechange heat effusion material.
 155. The device as recited in claim 150,further comprising a heat sink constructed of material capable ofefficiently dissipating heat into a heat dissipation environment, saidheat sink being firmly attached to the second end of the heat pipe toaccept and dissipate the heat from said second end of the heat pipe.156. The device as recited in claim 150 further comprising one or morecups located on the top of the substrate and each of said one or morecups surrounding selected one or more light emitting diodes, each ofsaid one or more cups for manipulating the light created by the selectedone or more light-emitting diodes.
 157. The device as recited in claim156 further comprising one or more lenses optically connected with oneof the one or more cups, said one or more lenses for adjusting the lightemitted by the one or more light emitting diodes associated with the oneof the one or more cups, wherein adjusting is one or more actionsselected from the group comprising collecting, focusing and collimating.158. The device as recited in claim 156 wherein said one or more cupsare coated with an optically reflective material.
 159. The device asrecited in claim 158 wherein said reflective material is one or morematerials selected from the group comprising rhodium, silver, platinumand gold.
 160. The device as recited in claim 156 wherein said cups haveangled walls, curved walls, square walls or a combination thereof. 161.A device as recited in claim 150 further comprising one or more cupslocated in said substrate top, said one or more cups being sized andconfigured to have one or more light emitting diodes mounted therein,said one or more cups for manipulating the light created by the one ormore light emitting diodes associated therewith.
 162. The device asrecited in claim 161 further comprising one or more lenses opticallyconnected with one of the one or more cups, said one or more lenses foradjusting the light emitted by the one or more light emitting diodesassociated with the one of the one or more cups, wherein adjusting isone or more actions selected from the group comprising collecting,focusing and collimating.
 163. The device as recited in claim 150further comprising one or more lenses optically connected with one ofthe one or more light emitting diodes, said one or more lenses foradjusting the light emitted by the one of the one or more light emittingdiodes associated therewith, wherein adjusting is one or more actionsselected from the group comprising collecting, focusing and collimating.164. The device as recited in claim 155 wherein said heat sink isconstructed, at least in part, of metal or aluminum.
 165. The device asrecited in claim 150 wherein said heat pipe is constructed, at least inpart, of copper, water and a wick material.
 166. The device as recitedin claim 150 wherein said heat pipe is constructed, at least in part, ofcopper, alcohol and a wick material.
 167. The device as recited in claim150 wherein said heat pipe is constructed, at least in part, of metal,water and a wick material.
 168. The device as recited in claim 150wherein said heat pipe is constructed, at least in part, of metal,alcohol and a wick material.
 169. The device as recited in claim 150wherein said substrate and said heat pipe are electrically conductiveand are electrically integral with an anode of each of said one or morelight emitting diodes.
 170. The device as recited in claim 155 whereinsaid substrate, heat pipe and heat sink are electrically conductive andare electrically integral with an anode of each of said one or morelight emitting diodes.
 171. The device as recited in claim 150 whereinsaid light emitting diodes produce light having wavelengths representedby one or more ranges selected from the group comprising infrared,ultraviolet and visible.
 172. The device as recited in claim 150 whereinsaid light emitting diodes produce visible light having one or morewavelengths representing a color selected from the group comprising red,blue, green and amber.
 173. A device as recited in claim 150 whereinsaid control circuitry and said electrical wiring includes batterieselectrically coupled thereto, wherein power for operation of the deviceis drawn from said batteries or a plug connected to an AC line currentor a combination thereof.
 174. A device as recited in claim 150 whereinsaid substrate is separated into quadrants and each quadrant includesone or more light-emitting diodes, wherein the control circuitry canaddress each quadrant separately.
 175. The device as recited in claim150 wherein the heat pipe has a longitudinal configuration having one ormore shapes selected from the group comprising straight, curved, andbent.
 176. A light emitting diode lighting device comprising: a) asubstrate composed of a material capable of efficiently conducting heat,said substrate having a top and a bottom; b) one or more light emittingdiodes, said one or more light emitting diodes being capable of emittinglight when supplied with adequate electrical current, said one or morelight emitting diodes being firmly mounted on said substrate, said oneor more light emitting diodes being in thermal communication with saidsubstrate so that heat produced by said one or more light emittingdiodes is conducted away from said one or more light emitting diodesthrough the substrate; c) electrical wiring configured to provideelectrical current to said one or more light emitting diodes in order toprovide power thereto and cause the one or more light emitting diodes toemit light; d) a heat pipe capable of efficiently conducting heat fromone location to another, said heat pipe having a first end and a secondend and a medial portion therebetween, said substrate mounted on saidmedial portion of the heat pipe in order to transfer heat from saidsubstrate to one of or both of said first end and said second end; ande) control circuitry capable of controlling electrical currenttransmission to said one or more light emitting diodes in order tocontrol light production by said one or more light emitting diodes. 177.The device as recited in claim 176, wherein said substrate is capable ofefficiently conducting electrical current.
 178. The device as recited in176 further comprising a heat sink constructed of material capable ofefficiently dissipating heat to a heat dissipating environment, saidheat sink mounted on the first end of the heat pipe.
 179. The device asrecited in 178 wherein said heat sink is also mounted on the second endof the heat pipe.
 180. The device as recited in claim 176 wherein saidsubstrate is constructed, in part, from one or more materials selectedfrom the group comprising diamond, metal, copper, aluminum, gold, silverand iron.
 181. The device as recited in claim 176 wherein said heat pipeis in thermal communication with a heat dissipation environment. 182.The device as recited in claim 176 wherein said heat dissipationenvironment is selected from the group comprising air, water and a phasechange heat effusion material.
 183. The device as recited in claim 176further comprising one or more cups located on the top of the substrateand each of said one or more cups surrounding selected one or more lightemitting diodes, each of said one or more cups for manipulating thelight created by the selected one or more light-emitting diodes. 184.The device as recited in claim 183 further comprising one or more lensesoptically connected with one of the one or more cups, said one or morelenses for adjusting the light emitted by the one or more light emittingdiodes associated with the one of the one or more cups, whereinadjusting is one or more actions selected from the group comprisingcollecting, focusing and collimating.
 185. The device as recited inclaim 183 wherein said one or more cups are coated with an opticallyreflective material.
 186. The device as recited in claim 185 whereinsaid reflective material is one or more materials selected from thegroup comprising rhodium, silver, platinum and gold.
 187. The device asrecited in claim 183 wherein said cups have angled walls, curved walls,square walls or a combination thereof.
 188. A device as recited in claim176 further comprising one or more cups located in said substrate top,said one or more cups being sized and configured to have one or morelight emitting diodes mounted therein, said one or more cups formanipulating the light created by the one or more light emitting diodesassociated therewith.
 189. The device as recited in claim 188 furthercomprising one or more lenses optically connected with one of the one ormore cups, said one or more lenses for adjusting the light emitted bythe one or more light emitting diodes associated with the one of the oneor more cups, wherein adjusting is one or more actions selected from thegroup comprising collecting, focusing and collimating.
 190. The deviceas recited in claim 176 further comprising one or more lenses opticallyconnected with one of the one or more light emitting diodes, said one ormore lenses for adjusting the light emitted by the one of the one ormore light emitting diodes associated therewith, wherein adjusting isone or more actions selected from the group comprising collecting,focusing and collimating.
 191. The device as recited in claim 178wherein said heat sink is constructed, at least in part, of metal oraluminum.
 192. The device as recited in claim 176 wherein said heat pipeis constructed, at least in part, of copper, water and a wick material.193. The device as recited in claim 176 wherein said heat pipe isconstructed, at least in part, of copper, alcohol and a wick material.194. The device as recited in claim 176 wherein said heat pipe isconstructed, at least in part, of metal, water and a wick material. 195.The device as recited in claim 176 wherein said heat pipe isconstructed, at least in part, of metal, alcohol and a wick material.196. The device as recited in claim 176 wherein said substrate and saidheat pipe are electrically conductive and are electrically integral withan anode of each of said one or more light emitting diodes.
 197. Thedevice as recited in claim 178 wherein said substrate, heat pipe andheat sink are electrically conductive and are electrically integral withan anode of each of said one or more light emitting diodes.
 198. Thedevice as recited in claim 176 wherein said light emitting diodesproduce light having wavelengths represented by one or more rangesselected from the group comprising infrared, ultraviolet and visible.199. The device as recited in claim 176 wherein said light emittingdiodes produce visible light having one or more wavelengths representinga color selected from the group comprising red, blue, green and amber.200. A device as recited in claim 176 wherein said control circuitry andsaid electrical wiring includes batteries electrically coupled thereto,wherein power for operation of the device is drawn from said batteriesor a plug connected to an AC line current or a combination thereof. 201.A device as recited in claim 176 wherein said substrate is separatedinto quadrants and each quadrant includes one or more light-emittingdiodes, wherein the control circuitry can address each quadrantseparately.
 202. The device as recited in claim 176 wherein the heatpipe has a longitudinal configuration having one or more shapes selectedfrom the group comprising straight, curved and bent.